Morality And Happiness By Robert C. Solomon, Clancy Martin...

Morality and Happiness Everyone wants to be happy during their life, but is acting morally necessary for happiness? According to Introducing Philosophy, by Robert C. Solomon, Clancy Martin and Kathleen M. Higgins, many people say that â€Å"any good moral rule should promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number† (447). I believe that this statement is true. Morality is necessary for happiness because every person has someone in this world that they truly care about. We all care about someone and we do not want to hurt them. When we see their happiness, it makes us truly happy. On the other hand, when we do something immoral it really does hurt us and others. I believe that we all have a sense of regret after doing so. Everyone has a different motivation for the actions and behaviors seen as acceptable, but morality cannot be defined in a way that fits every society’s benefits and interpretation. Everyone has something inside of them that makes them want to do good and make someone in this world happy. According to Kant, â€Å"some of our feelings are satisfied by moral acts and such moral feelings can be found in virtually all of us† (482). For me, that connection is why morality and happiness go hand and hand. Immoral acts can be fun or tempting and people commit immoral acts all the time. I believe that when people do a good deed it will bring more joy to them than doing something immoral. It may be more fun; however, they can affect the happiness of others in a bad

The Internet and the Behavior it creates - 617 Words

In the United States, the internet has become an excellent resource of information and learning. Although this has become a powerful tool that is of great benefit it is becoming problematic to the youth of America. The internet has creating anti-social behavior in our children that are now young 20 something’s. Anti-social behavior is the lack of consideration for others and may cause damage to the society, whether intentionally or through negligence. (Berger, K. 2003) Many times this anti-social behavior results in criminal activity, or behavior that is contrary to the norms of society. There are weekly reports in the news of youth cyber bullying, illicit texting, or pornographic material and phishing or identity thief. These are all considered forms of anti-social behavior. Facebook is a great way to stay connected to longtime friends and family members. As we grow older we have met many people through work or we have large family and that live long distances. Facebook is the perfect tool to feel connected to them. However, many of our youth are deeply entrenched in social media. Growing up in a virtual society, and if left unsupervised by parents. Many of these youth are creating virtual persona’s. According to a recent survey, most U.S. tweens have at least one social media account and often use it without parental supervision.(Carlson) At a young ages children are creating false identities and are not building the confidence or social skills needed to makeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Internet On The Internet1520 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the Internet was first introduced to the world, its usage has been increasing each year, as advancing technology makes it more accessible to the public. The increased usage of the Internet has created an Internet-dominated society. With the Internet becoming such a used tool, many people have grown dependent on the Internet for their daily lives. This dependency and over-usage of the Internet sometimes leads to negative symptoms, many which are similar to those of addictions. The WorldRead MoreElectronic Communication As A Barrier For Traditional Communication934 Words   |  4 Pageselectrical communication through the increasing use internet and phone application. Advances in media and technology and the widespread usage of the internet are influencing cultures and cultural communication. Many of our culture exchanges are learned within our culture interactions with our family or our peers at work and school. However, social institutions are being disrupted by society s constant connection to digital device. Were behavior and communication is reduced or exaggerated due toRead MoreHow Internet Is Creating A Global Mass Culture1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most important contribution that creates many changes in society, it can be regarded as a fundamental reason which accelerates the growth of globalisation. 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Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Two Free Essays

string(35) " face heated as we neared my room\." As Nic drove back to town, I placed another call to Jessie. â€Å"What?† she snapped. â€Å"A little busy here!† Gunshots punctuated her words. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"If you’re that damn busy, why’d you answer the phone?† â€Å"What do you want?† â€Å"Will.† â€Å"Can’t have him. Mine.† â€Å"I need to ask a question. Is he there?† Her put-upon sigh was followed by Will’s voice. â€Å"Hey! Do not throw the phone at my head unless you warn me first. Hello?† I didn’t bother with niceties. I figured he had places to go, werewolves to kill – or at least he needed to hold Jessie’s ammo while she killed them. â€Å"You know anything about the beaver moon?† â€Å"It’s in a few days. Why? Did you talk to Cora?† â€Å"No.† I hesitated, not wanting to impart bad news over the phone, but what choice did I have? â€Å"Cora’s dead, Will.† He sighed. â€Å"Damn.† â€Å"What?† I heard Jessie ask. Either my hearing was improving or she was shouting – maybe both. â€Å"Why the long face?† â€Å"Cora’s gone,† Will answered. â€Å"Got on her broom and took off at last, huh?† I guessed the two of them hadn’t been pals. â€Å"Cora took Jessie’s voice away once,† Will explained. â€Å"Took away?† â€Å"Purple powder. Bam. Jessie couldn’t talk.† â€Å"Really? Can I buy that stuff?† â€Å"Not for sale. I already asked.† â€Å"Funny. Har-har,† Jessie said loudly. â€Å"Old bat.† â€Å"Have some respect for the dead, Jess.† â€Å"She’s dead?† â€Å"What does gone mean to you?† â€Å"Left town. Took a trip. Not dead. Jeez, who taught you how to break bad news?† Her voice softened. â€Å"I’m sorry, Will. I know how much you liked her.† â€Å"Yeah. I did. And every time we lose an elder, we lose a lot of knowledge.† â€Å"Cora appears to have been teaching Lydia the old ways,† I said. â€Å"Who’s Lydia?† Quickly I filled Will in on what had happened at the cottage in the woods. â€Å"No Weendigo this time,† Will murmured. â€Å"I have to say I am not disappointed – even though we do know how to kill one of those.† â€Å"Returning to our present problem,† I said. â€Å"Beaver moon, disappearing bodies. Ring any bells?† â€Å"Not offhand. I’ll check around.† Gunshots broke out on their side of the line. â€Å"Gotta go,† Will said. â€Å"I’ll get back to you.† â€Å"Well?† Nic said. He stopped the car in front of Dr. Watchry’s clinic and shut off the engine. â€Å"He’ll get back to me.† â€Å"Okay. In the meantime† – Nic nodded toward the building in front of us – â€Å"shall we?† Together we got out of the car and headed for the door, but before we reached the clinic a tiny, elderly woman tottered out of Murphy’s – the tavern that was always open, or had been before the disappearances. Right now it appeared to be not only open but full. The woman didn’t waste any time with introductions. â€Å"What are you doing about our dilemma?† She waved a paper-white, heavily veined hand toward the bar. â€Å"We’re concerned.† From the smell of her breath, she was drowning her concerns along with the rest of the population. I peered up and down the street. All the other businesses had closed signs in the windows; the road was deserted except for Nic, me, and the little old lady. Maybe everyone was in the bar. â€Å"People disappearing?† Her voice became more loud and shrill with every word. â€Å"Sheriff Stephenson murdered. What kind of person would steal a body?† Basil had been busy soothing the populace with our lie, or maybe the doctor had, although it didn’t appear as if they were very calm. â€Å"Have you seen any strangers in town, ma’am?† I glanced at Nic. Good idea. He really was very handy to have around. â€Å"Besides the FBI?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"My eyes ain’t what they used to be. There was a man come through.† She frowned. â€Å"Reminded me of Thor the Thunder God.† Someone broke a glass inside the bar and the woman gasped, then put a palm to her chest. She was spooked. I could hardly blame her. The town had never seen a murder, now they had several missing citizens, probably dead, and a dead sheriff, now missing. â€Å"What is the FBI going to do about the latest murder?† she demanded. â€Å"All that we can, ma’am.† Nic attempted to guide her back into the bar, but she didn’t want to go. â€Å"Two in one night. What is the world coming to?† Nic paused. â€Å"Two what?† â€Å"Two murders. Try to keep up, boy.† â€Å"Two?† Nic glanced at me and I shrugged. â€Å"Sheriff Stephenson and†¦ ?† â€Å"Susie Gerant. The doctor’s receptionist.† Nic and I left the elderly lady on the street as we ran for the doctor’s office. â€Å"He isn’t there,† she called. We stopped, turned. â€Å"He went to examine the body.† Her face crinkled in thought. â€Å"Not sure where.† â€Å"Sheriff Moore?† Nic asked. â€Å"Haven’t seen him.† We checked the clinic anyway. Drab waiting room with stained carpet, uncomfortable chairs, out-of-date magazines, banged-up toys piled into a laundry basket in the corner. But no doctor, or anyone else for that matter, so Nic left a note on the desk. The sheriff’s office was just as empty. No sign of Basil, not even a message on the activity board. Nic cursed. â€Å"You’d think he’d call and let us know there was another body.† â€Å"Or be kind enough to leave a map.† â€Å"Or that.† Nic called Basil’s cell phone, cursing at the voice mail. â€Å"Sheriff,† he said tersely into the phone. â€Å"This is Agent Franklin. We need to talk. Call me, or come to the cabin ASAP.† When he had disconnected we stood in the center of the room at a loss. Now what? â€Å"Thor the Thunder God?† Nic murmured. â€Å"Who’s that? A north woods bogeyman?† â€Å"More like someone she sees after too many cocktails. Probably a Norse myth, since there are a lot of Norwegians around here, or so I hear. We could look it up, but I don’t really care.† â€Å"Ditto,† Nic said. â€Å"Maybe we should get some sleep.† â€Å"It’s eight o’clock in the morning.† â€Å"You’re not tired?† Nic must have seen the weariness play across my face because he didn’t wait for an answer. â€Å"We might as well rest until the doctor or Basil gets back.† We crossed the short space between the two buildings, and after a quick, silent meal of eggs and toast, headed for bed. My face heated as we neared my room. You read "Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Two" in category "Essay examples" I glanced at Nic and saw only his back disappearing into what had been Jessie and Will’s space. My lips tightened. It wasn’t as if I’d expected him to join me, but I still felt as if I’d been slapped. â€Å"Idiot,† I muttered, and slammed my door. The cabin rental must have come with linen service, because my sheets had been changed, the bed made. Thank God. I doubt I could have slept on sheets that smelled of him. As it was, I tossed and turned as memories assaulted me. Both present and past. Real and imagined. I’d known all along Nic wouldn’t be able to handle what I was, understand what I’d become. That he’d hate me both for leaving him and the necessity of it. But I hadn’t realized how much his rejection would hurt. Never suspected that I’d been harboring the hope, the delusion, that he could love me no matter what. â€Å"Moron.† I punched the pillow and tried once more to sleep. I had a doozy of a dream. The future was bright and sunny. House in the suburbs, flower beds, picket fence, really nice minivan. I was a doctor who had actual patients that were people. My husband was – â€Å"Nic!† â€Å"Sweetheart,† he murmured, as he stepped out of the house, arms wide to welcome me home. Love washed over me with a suddenness that made my knees weak. Luckily Nic was holding me up, his kiss making promises without saying a word. He lifted his head. â€Å"The baby’s teething.† â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"I feel so bad for her.† From inside came the wail of a child. I glanced around the yard. A bicycle, a bat and glove. â€Å"Mommy,† a voice squealed, and a blond whirlwind shot out of the house, giving my knees a quick hug before picking up the bat and banging it against the nearest tree. I kind of liked this dream. Or I did until the gate opened, and Billy walked into the yard. Why did he appear more frightening wearing clothes in a suburb than he had naked behind glass? Must be the blood all over his face. â€Å"Why aren’t you furry?† I asked. â€Å"Don’t need to be. Killing people around here is so damn easy.† I glanced up the block. Everything was far too still. A trail of red led down the sidewalk between each house, ending right behind Billy’s shoes. In the way of dreams, I was both experiencing the situation and observing myself from above. I remembered Billy telling me this story before. He liked to go to nice suburbs in good neighborhoods where he could walk right in, door after door after door. He was so good at killing, most people didn’t have a chance to scream. The neighbors never knew he was coming. I shook my head, tried to clear the dizziness. I knew this was a dream, yet everything seemed so damn real. I could smell the blood, hear my son singing, the baby crying, see Billy right in front of me, so alive. â€Å"You’re dead,† I said. He smiled and his teeth were red. â€Å"Do I look dead to you?† â€Å"Fuck,† I muttered. â€Å"Yeah, I thought we might. But first – â€Å" Billy turned toward my son and I launched myself at him. He smacked me in the chest with one arm, swatting me away as if I were nothing more than an irritating bug. I flew into Nic, who’d been right behind me, and we tumbled to the ground. I thought of the moon and got nothing, reached for a talisman that didn’t exist in this dimension, and realized with dawning horror that in this happy normal world, I wasn’t a werewolf. So I could do nothing but die. If it meant saving my family, I didn’t mind. However, Billy was still insane, even without the fur. He rounded on me, punching Nic in the face, sending him to the ground unconscious. My son, whatever his name was, continued to play as if nothing were happening. In the house, the baby wailed. â€Å"You aren’t normal, Doctor, and you never will be.† â€Å"I am. See?† I pointed to the house, the fence. He laughed, revealing those disgusting teeth again. â€Å"I’m your future.† â€Å"You’re dead,† I repeated. â€Å"I’ll never really be dead, because I’m all of them. No matter how many you kill, there’ll be more.† â€Å"What if I find a cure?† â€Å"We don’t want to be cured. We like the killing, the fear.† He leaned over, nuzzling my neck with his rank mouth. â€Å"The blood.† I struggled, but it was no use. He was stronger, crazier, and this was a nightmare. I couldn’t win. Just like life. Despair rushed through me. He was right; I’d never be normal, even if I found a cure. There’d always be more monsters. They’d always be after me. And I’d always carry the burden of the people I had killed. Unlike Billy, who’d never given a damn, even before he was a werewolf. â€Å"Well.† He lifted his head, shoved me hard enough to send me flying several feet, where I landed in the flower bed. â€Å"First things first. Kill the family, eat the baby, then fuck you. Ready?† His mouth grew fangs, his eyes went wolf as he fell on an unconscious Nic and – I came awake, heart pounding, all sweaty and alone in the night. For a minute I thought Billy was there, in the room with me, and a sob escaped. I stifled the sound. Billy would love my tears, had told me on many an occasion how he enjoyed licking them from the cheeks of his victims as they died. I shivered and pulled the blanket to my chin, eyes searching the room, nose twitching as I tested the air. Billy wasn’t here, of course. He was dead. I had killed him. The knowledge wasn’t as comforting as it should have been. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Two, Essay examples

The War and Genocide in Darfur free essay sample

The conflict in Darfur officially started in February of 2003 when a rebel group launched an attack on Golo. This rebel group refers to themselves as Sudan Liberation Army (SLA). Not long after, another Darfur rebel group arose, identifying itself as the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). The uprisings from the rebel groups, however, did not draw immediate reaction from the Sudanese Government. The turning point for the conflict which led to a war was the raid on al Fashir air base by both the Sudan Liberation Army and Justice and Equality Movement. According to Daly, 2010, military planes and helicopter gunships were destroyed, vehicles and weapons were seized, soldiers were killed and the base commander was captured. The SLA and JEM continued their attacks in Tine, Kutum and Mellit in May 2003. After the attack, the Sudanese government carried out a counter-insurgency campaign by coordinating a ‘special task force’ , composed of Arab militia men named Janjaweed. The Janjaweed militia was backed by government troops. Their task was to attack the Africans in Darfur and destroy their villages. The bombing of villages, rape and mass killing became the means to destroy the Africans in Darfur. Those who survived were displaced from their homes and moved into displacement camps in Sudan. However, assistance provided to the African survivors were minimal, the humanitarian aid workers were aggressively pressured and it was difficult to bring food and medicine supply into the camps. According to Hagan and Rymond-Richmond in 2009, more than 200, 000 displaced persons were pushed over the border into refugee camps in Chad. On the other side, the amount of deaths in Darfur varied. In fall of 2004, World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 70,000 deaths within seven months since the beginning of the war. However, this estimate is likely to only involve people who died in and around camps. On the other hand, the State Department’s Atrocities Document Survey (ADS) provided data on people who died in the attack but does not include people who died in the camps. To obtain a more accurate picture, Hagan and McCarty (2009) combined the WHO and ADS data. The result is at least 200, 000 people had died in Darfur and the amount could have reached to 400, 000. There were many parties involved in the war and genocide in Darfur but there were definitely only two sides. The first side is the rebel groups, they are Sudan Liberation Army and Justice and Equality Movement. The other side of the conflict is the Janjaweed and the government of Sudan and its troops. The Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) was first formed in 2002 by an alliance of Fur and Zaghawa with Abdel Wahid as its first chairman and Abdalla Abaker as its chief of staff. The SLA consisted of Zaghawa and Fur but their relation was sour. The inexperience leadership, disorganized infrastructure and tension and conflict within the SLA only made matters worse. By mid-2003, there were no longer communications made betwen the Zaghawa and the Fur resulting to division of the movement into two groups. After the death of Abdalla Abaker, Minnawi announced himself as the secretary general. There were then two factions of SLA – the SLA under Abdel Wahid and the SLA under Minnawi. The second group that entered the conflict in Darfur in 2003 was the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). Its origin can be traced back to the mid-1990s. Having been marginalized, the Darfurians felt disappointed towards Islamist leaders in Sudan. The group consisted of mainly rebellious members of National Islamic Front in 1989. The JEM was formed in 2001 with Khalil Ibrahim as the leader holding the position of the chairman of the JEM. In response to the rebellion, the Sudanese government created a military force named Janjaweed which consisted of both Arab and Non-Arab groups. The Janjaweed became a ‘state security organs’ and the administrative system in Darfur became ‘military command’. They implemented a strategy where attacks would be made on African civilian in their towns and villages. Not only that, the Janjaweed was given a license to kill which allows them to kill and torture whoever they want with no limits imposed. The role of Sudanese government and its army would be to provide assistance to Janjaweed. This include from air support to cleaning up the crime scenes in Darfur. Despite the obvious proofs that genocide had taken place, the Sudanese government claimed that what happened was merely a counter-insurgency tactic to stop the rebellion and the blame was placed on the rebel groups. The rebel groups shared neither the same motivation nor the same goal. However, both SLA and JEM aimed to use armed rebellion as means to achieve their goals. For the SLA, the 1991 rebellion in Darfur convinced them to make changes in Darfur through armed rebellion. They were then motivated by the ideology of the ‘New Sudan’ and so were determined to make the ‘New Sudan’ as their goal. It was a concept suggested by Sudan People’s Liberation Army. It demanded a secular, democratic and decentralized government as well as equality in power and wealth. In contrast, the JEM was motivated by a document that was created in May 2000, The Black Book Imbalance of Power and Wealth in Sudan which gave a clear analysis of the underdevelopment of Darfur and the government’s lack of concern. The group’s goals were to call for ‘radical constitutional reform, regional empowerment and social democaracy’ excluding separation of state and religion. In contrast to SLA, their focus was on Sudan as a whole rather than solely on Darfur. The motivation behind the creation of Janjaweed by the Sudanese government was difficult to establish. The Sudanese government had repeatedly argued that its destructive behavior and violent attacks on civilians were merely counter-insurgency tactics. However, it is believed that racial intent is used as motivating factor behind the destruction of African groups in Darfur . Daly in 2010 described that the goals of the Sudanese government as well as its troops and Janjaweed were to destroy settlements and property, evacuation of the land by killing the men, women and children or stigmatizing the women by raping them, and forced displacement of the survivors. There were many factors that may have caused the uprisings in Darfur however its immediate cause were the African’s experience of being marginalized, invaded, exploited and neglected. It is reasonable to believe that the factors which led to the formation of rebel group had also resulted to the occurrence of the first event in the war in Darfur: the uprisings. Among the factors were political and economic marginalization experienced by the Darfurians as described in the Black Book. The Sudanese government did little attempt to help the economy of Darfur and the positions in government institution were mainly dominated by those from the Norths and Arabs. Another factor would be the increasing insecurity in Darfur caused by attacks on African villages carried out by Arab nomads. This was the main reason why the Zaghawa joined the Fur to form the SLA. The failure of the Sudanese government to solve the conflict between the Arabs and the African had resulted to a rebellion in 2003. The Sudanese government’s action escalated the rebellion turning it into a war and genocide. The government’s mistake was its failure to acknowledge the rebel groups and accept their demand. Furthermore, its decision to use the Janjaweed militia as a counter-insurgency tactic caused a creation of the ‘worst humanitarian crisis’. It is the way the Sudanese government reacted to the rebellion that based a basis of genocide in Darfur. Apart from the above factors, there were also other underlying factors that contribute to the conflict in Darfur. These factors existed long before the start of the rebellions in 2003. These factors include the drought in Darfur since the 1970s which caused a struggle of land and Arab supremacism in Darfur. Tensions between Africans and Arabs burst into violence when Darfur suffered from numerous droughts since the early 1970s. The increasing desertification had resulted to loss of produce, grazing land and livestock. This had caused conflict between the African farmers and Arab herders over territories and access to water. The droughts had forced the Arab herders to intrude on the lands of the African farmers causing a clash between them. The ethnic conflict was further intensified with the introduction of small arms that transformed the means of violence in Darfur. Favored groups were allowed to possess arms for the purpose of self-defense. Unfair policies were introduced to give legal protection to the Arabs and the policy itself undoubtedly showed favoritism towards the Arabs especially over matters relating to land. It is undeniable that the government had played a primary role in stimulating the ethnic conflict. In Darfur, the Arabs were often seen as superior to all others, which make those who are not Arab as inferior. The Arabs in Sudan dominated all aspect of life ranging from politics to social life. The relations between Arabs and Africans in Darfur became even tenser as the ideology of Arab supremacy led to ‘both the demonization and disenfranchisement of certain groups’ , in particular the Africans. One significant factor to include would probably be the disenfranchisement of Darfur. Darfur had been neglected by Sudan. Schools, medical facilities and the roads provided in Darfur were very minimal if compared to those provided in the north of Sudan. Even worst, there was no attempt to include the African in the politic and administration of Darfur or Sudan. The Africans have suffered discrimination, prejudice and exclusion. These sufferings might have added to the conflicts that turned into rebellions and then war and genocide in 2003. The case of Darfur had frequently been labeled as crime against humanity due to the pattern of mass killing in Darfur. Maier-Katkin et al in 2009 presented a theory to explain the crimes against humanity. There are 6 suggested factors as to how crimes against humanity could have occurred. The first factor is the development of societal strain and anger depression. Secondly, the formation of primary group affiliations where tensions emerged between two groups- between the self and the other, or most commonly known as between us versus them. The third factor is the socialization and normalization of idea in the primary group. The next factor is the continuation of the previous factor, socialization of individuals into roles within the group makes them more incline to conform and follow orders from the authority. The fifth factor is that the possibility of the occurrence of crimes against humanity when there is a technique of neutralization. Lastly, where the target or victim is not threatening, crimes are easier to commit. In the case of Darfur, the second, third, fifth and sixth factor could be applied to explain the crimes of humanity committed against the Africans. Tension had developed between the Africans and Arabs long before the start of the war in 2003. The two groups had always clashed and thus satisfying the second factor. Secondly, the belief of the people in Sudan and Darfur is that Arabs are always superior to the Africans which make the African less valuable to the country. This idea had been normalized into the life of every person in Sudan. Not only that, technique of neutralization had clearly been used by the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed. Racial epithets expressed toward the Africans were commonly heard during the attacks. This is an act of dehumanizing the victims. The sixth factor refers to the fact that the victims in the case of Darfur are civilian. They do not have the means to attack back and therefore no risk is associated with the perpetrators. Denials were used by the Government of Sudan in response to its Human Right violation. Stanley Cohen in 2001 presented 6 types of denial: denial of knowledge, denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, appeal to higher loyalty and moral indifference. It is possible that the Janjaweed and military forces of the Sudanese government had relied on the denial of responsibility and victim to justify their destructive actions. Whereas the Government of Sudan may have justified their action based on denial of knowledge, denial of victim and the condemnation of the condemners. Other than committing a crime against humanity, the Janjaweed had also committed crimes of obedience by following the order of Sudanese government to attack African civilian. No attempts were made to challenge the authority and the decision to obey was not done out of fright towards the government but was likely to be caused by hatred that developed between the ethnic lines.